Polish

Germany Euro 2016 squad

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Here is a guide to the pronunciation of Germany’s Euro 2016 roster in German, followed by approximations in English in parentheses. In reality, German names are usually pronounced in English to be somewhat closer to how they would be pronounced according to English spelling conventions (e.g. Hummels as HUM-əlz [ˈhʌm.əlz] instead of HUU-məlss [ˈhʊm.əls]), and names that are shared between German and English such as Jonas and Thomas will often be pronounced as in English. A reasonable compromise might be somewhere in between, like following the approximations given below except for more peculiar features of German such as the hardening of final consonants; this would give HUU-məlz [ˈhʊm.əlz] for Hummels and LÖV [ˈlɜːv] for Löw, for example.

  • Manager: Joachim Löw (Germany) [ˈjoː.a.xɪm ˈløːf, jo.ˈa.xɪm-] (YOH-ə-k(h)im or yoh-A(H)KH-im LÖF [ˈjoʊ̯.ə.kɪm ˈlɜːf, joʊ̯.ˈɑːx.ɪm, -ˈɑːk.ɪm])
  • Bernd Leno [ˈbɛʁnt ˈleː.no] (BAIRNT LEH-noh [ˈbɛə̯ɹnt ˈleɪ̯n.oʊ̯])
  • Manuel Neuer [ˈmaː.nu̯eːl ˈnɔʏ̯.ɐ, ˈmaː.nu̯ɛl-] (MAH-nwel NOY-ər [ˈmɑːn.u‿ɛl ˈnɔɪ̯‿əɹ])
  • Marc-André ter Stegen [ˈmaʁk.an.ˈdʁeː teːɐ̯.ˈʃteː.ɡn̩, -ã.ˈdʁeː-] (MARK-on-DREH tair-SHTEH-gən [ˈmɑːɹk.ɒn.ˈdɹeɪ̯ tɛə̯ɹ.ˈʃteɪ̯ɡ.ən])
  • Jérôme Boateng [ʒe.ˈʁoːm bo.a.ˈtɛŋ] (zhe-ROHM bo-ə-TENG [ʒɛ.ˈɹoʊ̯m ˌboʊ̯.ə.ˈtɛŋ])
  • Jonas Hector [ˈjoː.nas ˈhɛk.toːɐ̯] (YOH-na(h)ss HEK-tohr [ˈjoʊ̯n.ɑːs ˈhɛk.tɔːɹ])
  • Benedikt Höwedes [ˈbeː.ne.dɪkt ˈhøː.və.dəs] (BEH-ni-dikt HÖ-və-dəss [ˈbeɪ̯n.ᵻ.dɪkt ˈhɜːv.əd.əs])
  • Mats Hummels [ˈmaʦ ˈhʊ.ml̩s] (MA(H)TS HUU-məlss [ˈmɑːts ˈhʊm.əls])
  • Joshua Kimmich [ˈjoː.zu‿a ˈkɪ.mɪç] (YOH-zoo-ə KIM-ik(h) [ˈjoʊ̯z.u‿ə ˈkɪm.ɪx, -ɪk])
  • Shkodran Mustafi [ˈʃkoː.dʁan ˈmʊs.ta.fi] (SHKOH-dra(h)n MUUST-ə-fee [ˈʃkoʊ̯.dɹɑːn ˈmʊst.əf.i])
  • Jonathan Tah [ˈjoː.na.tan ˈtaː] (YOH-nə-ta(h)n TAH [ˈjoʊ̯n.ə.tɑːn ˈtɑː])
  • Emre Can [ˈɛm.ʁə ˈʤan] (EM-reh JA(H)N [ˈɛm.ɹeɪ̯ ˈʤɑːn])
  • Julian Draxler [ju.ˈli̯aːn ˈdʁaks.lɐ] (yoo-li-AHN DRA(H)KS-lər [ˌjuːl.i.ˈɑːn ˈdɹɑːks.ləɹ])
  • Mario Götze [ˈmaː.ʁi̯o ˈɡœ.ʦə] (MAHR-i-oh GÖTS-ə [ˈmɑːɹ.i.oʊ̯ ˈɡɜːts.ə])
  • Sami Khedira [ˈsɛ.mi ke.ˈdiː.ʁa] (SAM-ee ke-DEER-ə [ˈsæm.i kɛ.ˈdɪə̯ɹ.ə])
  • Toni Kroos [ˈtoː.ni ˈkʁoːs] (TOH-nee KROHSS [ˈtoʊ̯n.i ˈkɹoʊ̯s])
  • Mesut Özil [ˈmeː.zʊt ˈøː.zɪl] (MEH-zuut Ö-zil [ˈmɛz.ʊt ˈɜːz.ɪl])
  • Leroy Sané [ˈleː.ʁɔʏ̯ za.ˈneː] (LEH-roy za(h)-NEH [ˈleɪ̯.ɹɔɪ̯ zɑː.ˈneɪ̯])
  • André Schürrle [an.ˈdʁeː ˈʃʏʁ.lə, ã.ˈdʁeː-] (on-DREH SHÜR-lə [ɒn.ˈdɹeː ˈʃʊə̯ɹl.ə])
  • Bastian Schweinsteiger [ˈbas.ti̯aːn ˈʃvaɪ̯n.ʃtaɪ̯.ɡɐ, ˈbas.ti̯an-] (BA(H)ST-i-ahn SHVYN-shty-gər [ˈbɑːst.i‿ɑːn ˈʃvaɪ̯n.ʃtaɪ̯ɡ.əɹ])
  • Julian Weigl [ju.ˈli̯aːn ˈvaɪ̯.ɡl̩] (yoo-li-AHN VY-gəl [ˌjuːl.i.ˈɑːn ˈvaɪ̯ɡ.əl])
  • Mario Gomez [ˈmaː.ʁi̯o ˈɡɔ.mɛs] (MAHR-i-oh GOH-mess [ˈmɑːɹ.i.oʊ̯ ˈɡoʊ̯m.ɛs])
  • Thomas Müller [ˈtoː.mas ˈmʏ.lɐ] (TOH-ma(h)ss MÜL-ər [ˈtoʊ̯m.ɑːs ˈmjuːl.əɹ])
  • Lukas Podolski [ˈluː.kas po.ˈdɔls.ki] (LOO-ka(h)ss poh-DOL-skee [ˈluːk.ɑːs poʊ̯.ˈdɒlsk.i])

Due to the various backgrounds of the players, some of the names come from other languages. For instance, Shkodran Mustafi is pronounced [ʃkɔ.dɾan mus.ta.fi] in Albanian, Emre Can is pronounced [ˈem.ɾe ˈʤɑn] and Mesut Özil is pronounced [ˈme.sut ˈø.zil] (MEH-suut Ö-zil) in Turkish, Leroy Sané is pronounced [lə.ʁwa sa.ne, lə.ʁwɑ] (lə-RWAH sa(h)-NEH) in French, Mario Gómez is pronounced [ˈma.ɾjo ˈɡo.meθ] (MAHR-i-oh GOH-meth) in Spanish, and Łukasz Podolski is pronounced [ˈwu.kaʂ pɔ.ˈdɔl.skʲi] (WOO-ka(h)sh po-DOL-skee) in Polish. Ter Stegen, originally a Dutch surname, is pronounced [tər.ˈsteː.ɣən, tɛr-] (tər-STEH-khə(n)) in Dutch. On the other hand, while the spelling is superficially English, Joshua Kimmich’s given name is pronounced in the German way, as if spelled Josua.

Emre Can’s surname is often pronounced [ˈʧan] (CHA(H)N) by German speakers, partly because the sound [ʤ] represented by c in Turkish spelling (the j sound in English) is not part of the native sound inventory of German and is often replaced by the tsch sound [ʧ] of German (the ch sound in English). But even German speakers who distinguish [ʤ] and [ʧ] in English loanwords might use [ʧ] for Can because they are unaware of Turkish spelling conventions.

Poland Euro 2016 squad

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Polish names tend to pose particular difficulty to non-Poles. Polish spelling is quite regular in that once one knows the rules of which letters correspond to which sound, it is easy to see how it is pronounced. But these conventions are very different from most other languages that use the Latin alphabet and are often baffling for speakers of other languages.

Polish has two series of sounds that correspond to the sh /ʃ/, zh /ʒ/ (as in ‘vision’), ch /ʧ/, and j /ʤ/ (as in ‘judge’) sounds of English—the retroflex series sz /ʂ/, rz or ż /ʐ/, cz /ʦ̢/, and dż /ʣ̢/, and the alveolo-palatal series ś /ɕ/, ź /ʑ/, ć /ʨ/, and dź /ʥ/. The latter series also occur when the letters s, z, c, and dz are followed by the letter i (which is not pronounced separately if another vowel follows).

The letters that have a little ‘tail’ or ogonek—ę and ą—are usually pronounced as if they were e and o respectively with nasalization, or with a nasal consonant (like /n/ or /m/) at the end if followed by certain consonants.

Here is a guide to the Polish pronunciation of Poland’s Euro 2016 roster, followed by suggested approximations in English in parentheses.

  • Manager: Adam Nawałka (Poland) [ˈa.dam na.ˈvau̯.ka] (AH-dahm na-VOW-ka [ˈɑːd.ɑːm nə.ˈvaʊ̯k.ə])
  • Artur Boruc [ˈar.tur ˈbɔ.ruʦ] (AR-toor BOR-oots [ˈɑːɹt.ʊɹ ˈbɔːɹ.ʊts])
  • Łukasz Fabiański [ˈwu.kaʂ fa.ˈbjaɲ.skʲi] (WOO-kahsh fahb-YAHN-ski [ˈwuːk.ɑːʃ ˌfɑːb.i‿ˈɑːn.ski])
  • Wojciech Szczęsny [ˈvɔi̯.ʨɛx ˈʂʦ̢ɛ̃.snɨ] (VOY-chekh SHCHE(N)S-nee [ˈvɔɪ̯.ʧɛx ˈʃʧɛns.ni] or VOY-check [ˈvɔɪ̯.ʧɛk])
  • Kamil Glik [ˈka.mil ˈɡlik] (KAHM-il GLICK [ˈkɑːm.ɪl ˈɡlɪk])
  • Artur Jędrzejczyk [ˈar.tur jɛn.ˈdʐɛi̯.ʦ̢ɨk] (AR-toor yend-ZHEY-chick [ˈɑːɹt.ʊɹ jɛnd.ˈʒeɪ̯ʧ.ɪk])
  • Michał Pazdan [ˈmi.xau̯ ˈpaz.dan] (MEE-khow PAHZ-dahn [ˈmiː.xaʊ̯ ˈpɑːz.dɑːn] or MEE-how [ˈmiː.haʊ̯])
  • Łukasz Piszczek [ˈwu.kaʂ ˈpi.ʂʦ̢ɛk] (WOO-kahsh PISH-check [ˈwuːk.ɑːʃ ˈpɪʃ.ʧɛk])
  • Bartosz Salamon [ˈbar.tɔʂ sa.ˈla.mɔn] (BAR-tosh sa-LAHM-on [ˈbɑːɹt.ɒʃ sə.ˈlɑːm.ɒn])
  • Thiago Cionek [ˈtja.ɡɔ ˈʨɔ.nɛk] (tee-AH-go CHO-neck [ti.ˈɑːɡoʊ̯ ˈʧoʊ̯n.ɛk])
  • Jakub Wawrzyniak [ˈja.kup va.ˈvʐɨ.ɲak] (YAHK-oop vahv-ZHIN-eeack [ˈjɑːk.ʊp vɑːv.ˈʒɪn.i‿æk])
  • Jakub Błaszczykowski [ˈja.kup bwa.ʂʦ̢ɨ.ˈkɔf.skʲi → ˈja.kub.bwa.ʂʦ̢ɨ.ˈkɔf.skʲi] (YAHK-oop bwahsh-chi-KOF-ski [ˈjɑːk.ʊp ˌbwɑːʃ.ʧɪ.ˈkɔf.ski])
  • Kamil Grosicki [ˈka.mil ɡrɔ.ˈɕiʦ.kʲi] (KAHM-il gro-SHIT-ski [ˈkɑːm.ɪl ɡɹoʊ̯.ˈʃɪt.ski])
  • Tomasz Jodłowiec [ˈtɔ.maʂ jɔ.ˈdwɔ.vjɛʦ] (TOM-ahsh yo-DWO-viets [ˈtɒm.ɑːʃ joʊ̯.ˈdwoʊ̯v.i‿ɛts])
  • Bartosz Kapustka [ˈbar.tɔʂ ka.ˈpust.ka] (BAR-tosh ka-PUST-ka [ˈbɑːɹt.ɒʃ kə.ˈpʊst.kə]—PUST has the same vowel as ‘put’)
  • Grzegorz Krychowiak [ˈɡʐɛ.ɡɔʂ krɨ.ˈxɔ.vjak] (GZHEG-osh kri-KHO-veeack [ˈɡʒɛɡ.ɒʃ kɹɪ.ˈxoʊ̯v.i‿æk] or kri-HO-veeack [kɹɪ.ˈhoʊ̯v.i‿æk])
  • Karol Linetty [ˈka.rɔl li.ˈnɛ.tɨ] (KAR-ol li-NET-ee [ˈkɑːɹ.ɒl lɪ.ˈnɛt.i]) or [ˈli.nɛ.tɨ] (LIN-ett-ee [ˈlɪn.ɛt.i])
  • Krzysztof Mączyński [ˈkʂɨ.ʂtɔf mɔnˈʦ̢ɨɲskʲi] (KSHISH-toff mon-CHIN-ski [ˈkʃɪʃ.tɒf mɒn.ˈʧɪn.ski])
  • Sławomir Peszko [swa.ˈvɔ.mir ˈpɛ.ʂkɔ] (swah-VO-meer PESH-ko [swɑː.ˈvoʊ̯m.ɪə̯ɹ ˈpɛʃ.koʊ̯])
  • Filip Starzyński [ˈfi.lip sta.ˈʐɨɲ.skʲi] (FIL-ip stah-ZHIN-ski [ˈfɪl.ɪp stɑː.ˈʒɪn.ski])
  • Piotr Zieliński [ˈpjɔtr̥ ʑɛ.ˈliɲ.skʲi] (PYOTR zheh-LIN-ski [ˈpjotɹ ʒɛ.ˈlɪn.ski])
  • Robert Lewandowski [ˈrɔ.bɛrt lɛ.van.ˈdɔf.skʲi] (ROB-ert lev-an-DOFF-ski [ˈɹɒb.əɹt ˌlɛv.ən.ˈdɒf.ski])
  • Arkadiusz Milik [ar.ˈka.djuʂ ˈmi.lik] (ar-KAHD-eeoosh MIL-ik [ɑːɹ.ˈkɑːd.i‿ʊʃ ˈmɪl.ɪk])
  • Mariusz Stępiński [ˈma.rjuʂ stɛm.ˈpiɲ.skʲi] (MAR-eeoosh stem-PIN-ski [ˈmɑːɹ.i‿ʊʃ stɛm.ˈpɪn.ski])

As is the case for most languages, there is no universally agreed-upon method for approximating Polish pronunciation in English. Variations on the above may be equally acceptable, for example where similar vowels are used (e.g. PEESH-check [ˈpiːʃ.ʧɛk] instead of PISH-check [ˈpɪʃ.ʧɛk] for Piszczek) or vowel reductions are applied (e.g. AR-ter [ˈɑːɹt.əɹ] instead of AR-toor [ˈɑːɹt.ʊɹ] for Artur).

Polish obstruents are devoiced finally, which is why the b in Jakub becomes [p]. However, one may just as well keep the b sound in English, saying YAHK-oob [ˈjɑːk.ʊb] for Jakub instead of YAHK-oop [ˈjɑːk.ʊp].

Polish ł represents /w/ in standard pronunciation, though historically it represented a velarized lateral approximant [ɫ], similar to the English ‘dark l’. This pronunciation is preserved in some Eastern dialects. So one may just as well map this to the English l sound, especially word-finally or before a consonant, saying na-VAHL-ka [nə.ˈvɑːlk.ə] for Nawałka instead of na-VOW-ka [nə.ˈvaʊ̯k.ə].

For the Polish consonant clusters with rz /ʐ/ which are difficult to imitate in English, it may be fine to map them to corresponding English clusters with r for ease of pronunciation, saying  GREG-osh [ˈɡɹɛɡ.ɒʃ] for Grzegorz instead of GZHEG-osh [ˈɡʒɛɡ.ɒʃ]. Historically, Polish rz was a palatalized trill /rʲ/ and thus closer to the r sounds of other languages before developing into the zh-like sound /ʐ/ of Modern Polish.

I have mapped the Polish vowel a /a/ consistently to English /ɑː/, the vowel in PALM., except for the ending -ak which I have mapped to English /æk/ to rhyme with ‘back’. For some speakers, this latter vowel /æ/ as in TRAP might be a better match for the Polish sound in general. Also, for Adam, one may just as well use the usual English pronunciation, [ˈæd.əm].

Linetty looks like a surname of Hungarian origin, which would explain the first-syllable stress that is sometimes heard. The typical Polish rule is to stress the penultimate syllable.

Thiago Cionek was born in Brazil, where Thiago is a common name. In Brazilian Portuguese, it is usually pronounced [ˈʧja.ɡu] (chee-AH-goo) because of the typically Brazilian palatalization of t into something like the English ch sound [ʧ] and the reduction of final unstressed o into [u] in most varieties of Portuguese, though regionally you may hear variants like [ˈtja.ɡu] (tee-AH-goo) and [ˈʧja.ɡo] (chee-AH-go). In English, it is usual to ignore the palatalization of t or the reduction of final o in Portuguese names, so tee-AH-go [ti.ˈɑːɡoʊ̯] is advisable for Thiago.

Thiago Cionek is also known as Thiago Rangel; the second Portuguese name is pronounced [ʁɐ̃.ˈʒɛu̯] in Brazilian Portuguese. Unlike European Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese usually features l-vocalization, where l develops into a w-like sound at the end of words and before consonants. This is similar to the development of Polish ł, except that in Polish this became a w-like sound even before vowels. The sequence [ɛu̯] is difficult to imitate in English, though, and l-vocalization is usually ignored when Portuguese names are pronounced in English. So the Portuguese pronunciation of Rangel may best be approximated as rahn-ZHEL [ɹɑːn.ˈʒɛl] in English.